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PINASPINOY.BLOGSPOT.COM: HOW TO?: HOW TO MAKE SIOMAI Siomai  or Shumai are dumplings served in dim sum. The most common are pork siomai; there is also beef siomai...

Understanding lending or pautang in Pinoy context

Understanding lending or pautang in Pinoy context

WRITTEN BY: Ednan Orallo

Lending or “pautang” has been one of the major business producing income of the Indian community here in the Philippines. The term “5-6” has been tagged to a person who lends money, which is also commonly called “Bombay”—An Indian national, typically wearing a pagri or turban wrapped around the head, and riding on a motorbike, or sometimes walking with umbrella.


The practice of “5-6” has been around since the early 70s; but it was not quite popular—not until the usury law was made legally inexistent. The underground practice of 5-6 seemed like gossip that only busybodies carry like disease to their immediate neighbors. But when the fangs of the usury law was minified [1], 5-6 became nationally popularized not only to rural areas but to the urban places as well. The practice of 5-6 lending was accepted to the extent of being part of “pinoy culture”.

The nature of 5-6

5-6 simply means, the amount you borrowed must be returned with 20% interest added. Example: I borrowed 1,000, then I should pay it back with 20% interest: 1,000 x .20 = 200. I have to pay 1,200 in return. Some moralist argue that 20% interest is usurious because it will worsen the situation of the borrower’s capability to pay. Whatever your stand is, we cannot blame those poor people who succumb to this kind of transactions. It’s up to the lender if he or she has conscience to listen to.

Various types of lending

Aside from the “usurious” 20% interest, there are other modes of payment a lender has to choose from.

Fix interest

Fix interest is the interest a lender puts on the amount borrowed. This is the most common form of method that many private lenders practice. Depending on the amount to be borrowed, the lender and the borrower usually make verbal agreement on how long would it take for the loan to be paid. As an example, the borrower borrows  1,000 and promise to pay it within a period of 45 days. The lender can give an option of daily, weekly, or full-payment method scheme—Bombays always opt to collect daily, for whatever reason, it’s more convenient for them.

Diminishing interest

Unlike fix interest, this kind of scheme is more considerable, sometimes, favorable for the borrower. The concept is that the borrower, who chooses to pay on a monthly installment basis, will pay the capital but the interest will reflect based on the outstanding balance.

Example:

The borrower borrowed 1,000 with 20% depreciating interest. The borrower has to pay a minimum of amount of 300 per month.

This payment method is similar to a credit card payment scheme where the outstanding balance will accrue interest until the balance is not fully paid. It will take seven months for the borrower to settle his/her debt should he/she choose to stick with 300 per month. The lender will be accumulating 808.41 interest in seven months. This can be avoided if, however, the borrower with settle the debt not more than two months.

Incremental interest

This kind of payment scheme forces the borrower to settle his/her debt as soon as possible to avoid paying double the amount of what he/she borrowed. This will secure the lender continuous profit while the principal (money) is in the borrowers possession. The lender could start with 3% interest and increments 1% every month.

Recurring interest

Recurring interest are often practiced in both public and private offices where the lender will collect the agreed interest until the lender has not paid his/her debt in outright payment.  Outright payment means the lender will not accept installment payment but rather chooses to receive the lent money in full. This is similar to a pawnshop method of pawning.

Pooled money scheme (or locally termed as: “Paluwagan”)

Paluwagan is the local concept of mutual fund. But this “fund” doesn’t go directly to a broker. In Fact, this system has been so popular in the Philippines especially in the rural region. Informal settlers are also fond of this kind of practice because this is where they can get the fund to buy the appliances they wanted.
The concept of Paluwagan is to pool the participants money, by means of daily, weekly, or even monthly collections to be collected by a leader (sometimes called Aling or Manong).  The participants will be having a “bunutan” (casting lots) to know who will receive the total pooled money. And believe me, this is a “fiesta” if one gets to be the first! Others would prefer to choose not to be the first and not to be the last, but rather somewhere in the middle.
There are other ways on how paluwagan system works. It’s up to the participants on how they should plan on what kind of rotation they will implement. But the bottom line is that they don’t have to hunt for a Bombay to borrow money because they can borrow the fund in the paluwagan. This is one advantage of being in this local practice.

Private lenders over banks

There are a lot of small businessman who are opting for private lenders over reputable banks because private lenders do not ask for legal documents—small time entrepreneurs don’t want the hassles of filling out applications, only to find out they are not eligible to have a bank loan. Various documents requisites serve as stumbling blocks for our less educated kababayans not to borrow money from lending institutions and rather approach the most approachable but strict looking, savior-of-the-day, Bombay. Their scent have become a palatable delight in the borrowers’ sense of smell. Oh, let me rephrase my statement, it’s the Bombay who  will approach you, for your convenience, and will give an irresistible offer: “Utang ka? Bente lang, arawan hulog.” (Want to borrow money? Daily installment is 20 pesos only).

The down side of lending

It is very clear in The Constitution of the Philippines: 

section 2. No person shall be imprisoned for debt or non-payment of a poll tax.

Because of this prevailing law, many lenders don’t have security over the money they lent. In fact, the lender himself might be the one to go to jail by committing Light Coercion that is stated in the Revised Penal Code. Art. 287 [2]. The only way a lender can legally claim something from a delinquent borrower is if he has a Court Order that is called Writ of Execution. But this is a tedious process, and sometimes to the disadvantage of the complaining party.
What a lender can do to avoid this kind of scenario is to get collaterals from the borrower as a security for his/her money. Sometimes agreement between the lender and the borrower are put down in paper for legal purposes. There are now small court claims which a lender can file against the offending party and documents or proof are highly needed.

HOW TO RAISE A QUAIL

Quails by some distinction are classified as “game-hunting” birds and as such, quails should not be compared with chicken, whose requirements are different. On a commercial scale, quail raising has not attracted the interest of the investors because of the lack of data particularly with regards to feeding. Many people who go into quail raising are usually hobbyist who are not income-conscious.

Breeds of Quail

• Japanese Seattle
• Silver
• Negro
• Japanese Taiwan/ Chinese Quail
• Tuxedo
• Brown Crosses nos. 1 and 2

I. Starting the Project

To start a project, care must be exercised in the selection of the first stock. There are many quail breeding farms on and near the Metro Manila area.

IA. Selection of Stock

For a beginner, it is best to start with quail pullets about 30-35 days old. Some of the pointers in selecting quails are:

1. Body conformation
   • 1. The feathers should be tidy and neat
   • 2. Avoid buying those with streak of white or black feathers – these could be signs of inbreeding
2. Choose birds with uniform size. A mature (60 day old) Japanese quail (Coturnix japonica) would have an average weight of 120 grams. However, a 30-35 day-old bird would only average 100 grams. The American quail (Coturnix conurnix) however weight heavier at 220 grams for the mature bird and 200 grams for the 30-35 days old.
3. Record the parents stock
   • 1. Size of eggs
   • 2. Laying efficiency – a 65% average laying efficiency within 300 days laying period is desirable.
   • 3. Growth rate/ body weight

IB. Size of the Flock

The size of the initial stock totally depends on the financial capacity of the person. However, it is not advisable to start big. Quails are not easy to raise and a beginner should first get the necessary experience before going into large scale. Quails multiply rapidly and therefore expansion will not be a problem. A beginner can start with 10-15 pullets.

II MANAGEMENT

IIA. Housing and Equipment – One of the advantages in quail raising is the relatively small space that is required. Commensurately, the cost of putting up a cage is less. The materials commonly used in making quail cages are:

1.  plywood
2.  1/4 inch mesh wire
3.  1″ x 1″ lumber to serve as framework

for every stage in the quail’s life, space requirement varies. This is true as in the case of the other fowls and even livestock animals. The following will help guide the raiser in determining the space required for quails (per bird)

1.  Chick stage (1-15 day old), Japanese: 2 ½” x 2 ½”; American: 2 ½” x 2 ½”
2.  Growing stage (16- 35 days old), Japanese: 3″ x 3″; American: 3 ½” x 3 ½ “
3. Laying stage (36 days old & up), Japanese: 3 ½” x 3 ½”; American: 4 ½ ” x 4 ½ “

Since quails are not efficient feed converter, they should not be raised for broiler production.

Layer cages should not be too high preferably a 5″ and 6″ height can accommodate the Japanese and American breed, respectively. Providing too much space will encourage too much movement thereby increasing the risk of injuries.

IIB. Brooding Management

Temperature

During the first five days, the temperature requirement of the quail chick is 95°F. this may be reduced to 90°F on the 6th day down to 85°F on the 10th day after which the quail birds will have developed enough feathers to keep their body warm under ordinary room temperature

To ensure better circulation of air in the brooding box, air vents should be provided. Used clean cloth or sack can be spread over the screened portion of the brooder especially during the first 10 day. This will help conserve the heat in the brooder. Five or six layers of clean and dry newspaper shall be used to cover the mesh wire flooring during the first 10 days.

This practice is necessary because it will not only help conserve the heat inside the brooder box but more importantly, cleaning and removal of quail manure (which is done on every other paper) is facilitated by just rolling the topmost layer of paper. After the 10th day, all the papers are removed and feeding through covered with 1/4 mesh wire (to avoid too much spillage) will be used. Water in the drinking fountain should be changed daily and care must be exercised to avoid spilling of water over the paper to prevent unnecessary dampness.

Gas lamp or electric bulb may used to control the temperature inside the brooder. The brooder box must be cat and rat proof. With proper feeds. Enough water and optimum temperature maintained, the mortality of quails can be kept at 5%-8% during the brooding stage which usually last up to 15 days.

IIC. Rearing Management

After the 15th day, the birds are transferred to the growing cages. During the growing stage, it is not advisable to expose the birds to more than 12 hours of light. For smaller operation, a brooder/grower box combination can be constructed but the space requirement of the birds
should be observed.

Only birds which are healthy and with uniform size should be transferred to the growing cages. The small ones should be disposed. The average mortality from the start of the growing period up to 35 days is 1% – 4%. On the 35th day, the male birds are already discernable by the dark brown color of the breast feather. At this stage, the female birds can be segregated and transferred to the laying cages. Approximately 40% of the total population can be chosen as layers on an assumed 50/50 male/female ratio. The remaining birds can be fattened up to 60 days before these are dressed and sold as broilers. During the 25 days fattening period, light should be restricted form 6-8 hours a day. This practice will improve the quality of meat.

IID. Layer Management

On the average, quail start laying after 45 days from hatching. The production cycle lasts for 300-320 days and within this period the laying efficiency should be maintained at 65 %. Some of the major consideration when managing layers are;

1. Feeding – this will be discussed separately
2. Water – like any other bird, quail needs a lot of fresh and clean water. Whenever possible, flowing water should be maintained except when there is supply problem in which case water should be replaced daily and the watering trough must be cleaned everyday.
3. Culling – For large scale operation, it is advisable that massive culling be done regularly, preferably on a quarterly basis or even once every 4 months. Birds that have physical defects should be removed including those which have grown fat, or are sickly and are not laying eggs. This later condition is manifested by the size of the vent and the conformation of the abdominal parts.
4. Removal of Waste – Because of the high protein content of the quail feeds, quail manure has high ammonia content which will cause discomfort for the birds if not removed daily. Removal of the manure can be facilitated by placing a manure receptacle or receiver under the cage.
5. Light – Laying quails may be given extra light up to midnight. This will allow the birds to consume the feed in the trough. Furthermore, the weaker birds in the group will have enough time to eat after the dominant ones have eaten their share.
6. It is not advisable to mix male birds in the laying cage except when fertile eggs are to be produced. If there is an intention of producing fertile eggs for future replacement, the male should be kept in separate cage and should only be mixed with the layers at the time fertile eggs are to be produced at a ratio of 1:6 and 1:3 for the Japanese and American breed, respectively.
7. Quail birds are very sensitive to high salt level in the feeds. The optimum level of this mineral should be kept at 7% and in no case be more than 1%.

IIE. Feeding Management

The major cause of failure in quail raising is the faulty feeding practice employed by the raiser . most of our quail raisers today feed commercial chicken feeds to quails. This is an erroneous practice and it should be corrected. The protein requirements of chicken and quails are different and as such the use of chicken feeds in quail raising is not advisable. Below is a comparison of the crude protein requirement of chicken and quail.

Quail / Chicken:

• Chick stage, 28% / 21%
• Grower stage, 24% / 16%
• Layer stage, 26% / 15%

From the above information, we can clearly see the mark difference in the Primary requirement of both birds. Quail cannot survive on chicken feeds for a long time. If ever they will survive, the mortality rate will be very high sometimes reaching up to 70% from day old to 45 days. Moreover, the growth of the birds is very uneven and the survivors will not be efficient layers. The productive laying period for quails fed with chicken feed do not go beyond six months.

Another disadvantage of feeding chicken mash to quails is the very occurence of molting which affects severely the egg production.

The claim that mixing quail feeds with higher protein is expensive and not economical is baseless. The advantages of giving the right ration far outweigh the cost of giving chicken feeds. This advantages can be summarized below:

1. Mortality rate can be kept low with good feed:

• 5-8% from 1-15 days
• 1-4% from 16-35 days
• 8-12% from 36-360 days

2. Production:

• a) Laying efficiency can be easily maintained within the average range of 63%-68% for a period of 300-320 days. It is not rare to get laying efficiency of 80%.
• b) Eggs are bigger and more nutritious
• c) For breeders – fertility and hatchability are high

These things when quantified and taken together would positively refute the claim that feeding quails with higher protein content as recommended here is costly and uneconomical.

The feed consumption of quail at different stages are: (Japanese vs American)

• Chick stage (per bird) 7 grams/day vs 10 grams/day
• Growing stage (per bird) 17 grams/day vs 32 grams/day
• Laying stage (per bird) 23 grams/day vs 45 grams/day

During the first 15 days, the feeds of the birds should be grounded to a fineness enough to pass an ordinary window screen wire. Like chicken, quails are affected by abrupt changes in feeding. Hence, it is not advisable to change feed abruptly.

IIG. Maintaining Health

There is no known morbid disease of quails. While they suffer from some respiratory disorders, these do not spread fast and the mortality rate is very low. Hence it is not difficult to maintain the health of birds. Regular cleaning and disinfection program, however, should be followed. Cages and broiler boxes including the incubator and hatchery trays can be cleaned with strong water dried under the sun. spraying with disinfectant follows. Vitamin premix can also be added to the feeds or the drinking water to promote growth and improve the laying performance.

III. MARKETING

A. Eggs – Eggs are the main product of quails. For small scale/backyard quail raising, this can be placed in a basket and marketed fresh. For bigger operation, it is advisable to pack eggs in carton boxes with individual dividers to protect the quality of the eggs. Storing eggs in a cool dry place where air circulation is good can keep the eggs fresh for a period of seven days.

B. Broilers/stewers – The average feed conversion ratio of quail is 3:1. this poor feed conversion efficiency makes a broiler production uneconomical and therefore any broiler produced should be treated secondary product in quail raising. The procedure in dressing quail is the same as in chicken. The birds are bled and scaled in hot water (about 132-135 F) after the feathers are removed. Evisceration follows. The dressed birds are then chilled and packed by the dozen or in kilos.

C. Prices – Broilers are more tender than stewers (culled layers). As such, the former are sold at a higher price. The selling price of these should be based on the cost of production from day old to 60 plus the dressing, storage and related selling cost.

D. Quail Production

1. Cost of Production (100 Quails)
2. Income computation
   • 70 eggs/day x P 0.60/eggs-P42.00
   • 100 quails x 2 kgs feeds x P 8.50/kg
3. Housing Equipment
   • 100 quails x P 5.00/quail
4. Other sources of income
   • a. male quails which are not needed
   • b. feathers
   • c. dungs

 source: drquail.multiply.com

HOW TO MAKE SIOMAI

HOW TO MAKE SIOMAI

Siomai  or Shumai are dumplings served in dim sum. The most common are pork siomai; there is also beef siomai, shrimp siomai, and combinations of these fillings.

Here is a basic guide how to make siomai

Ingredients:

1 kg ground pork
¼ kg chopped shrimps
½ c chopped green onion leaves
1 t – 1 T sesame oil
1 t salt
2 t patis
2 t cornstarch
1 c bulb onions, chopped
2 t sugar
1 t black pepper
2 pcs eggs
1/2 t vetsin
3 pcs chinese sausage, chopped
2 pks molo wrapper [100 pcs]

Procedure:

Mix all ingredients thoroughly. Put wrapper in hand. Spread about 1-2 heaping teaspoon of siomai mixture on wrapper. Close palm just enough to squeeze, so siomai will be raised and rounded and top with sliced Chinese sausage or boiled quail eggs. Arrange siomai in steamer and steam for about 15-20 minutes. Serve with soy sauce and calamansi.

Tourist Destinations to Visit in the Philippines in 2017

1.EL NIDO, PALAWAN  Named as the most beautiful island beaches in the world by Condé Nast Traveller magazine in 2015.

2. BORACAY ISLAND,AKLAN One of the best beaches in the world, it is located in western visayas north west tip of Panay Island in Aklan.

3.BATANES is one of the most wanted tourist destinations in the Philippines.

4. CAMIGUIN ISLAND, the White Island Sandbar, is situated just minutes away from Paras Beach Resort, via pumpboat. From Paras, one can actually see the view of the island, just an ordinary sandbar from afar, but such a picturesque scene when you are already in the island.

5.Puerto Princesa Subterranean River National Park, Palawan The Puerto Princesa Subterranean River National Park is a protected area of the Philippines located about 80 kilometres (50 mi) north of the city centre of Puerto Princesa Palawan. The river is also called Puerto Princesa Underground River. The national park is located in the Saint Paul Mountain Range on the western coast of the island. It is bordered by St. Paul Bay to the north and the Babuyan River to the east

How to make Durian Pastillas and Candy

How to make Durian Pastillas and Candy

This is very popular in the South. If you visit Davao, or Zamboanga, it is very likely that you will see these in most stores particularly in places where "pasalubongs" are sold. This is the closest option you can have if you do not want to carry the real Durian on your trip.


Durian Candies

Ingredients:

3 cups durian pulp
2 cups powdered milk 5 cups refined sugar
1 can condensed milk 2 tbsp. butter
2 tbsp. glucose

Materials:

stainless carajay wooden spoon
measuring cups
measuring spoon mixing bowl
stainless knife
rubber scraper or plastic ladle
3 rolls water cellophane

Procedure:

1. Combine durian pulp. powdered milk, refined sugar and condensed milk in a stainless carajay/pan.
2. Cook over slow fire, stirring constantly until mixture is thick enough to roll.
3. Transfer the mixture to a board then, apply butter and spread to the desired thickness and cut into serving sizes and cool.
4. Wrap individually in water cellophane and pack.

Recipe is formulated by D.A.-Sulu
================================

Durian Pastillas

Ingredients:

4 cups durian pulp
2 cups evaporated milk 4 cups sugar

Materials:

stainless carajay wooden spoon
measuring cups
measuring spoon mixing bowl

Procedure:

1. Mix the milk and sugar.
2. Cook over low fire, stirring constantly until about to thicken.
3. Add durian pulp and continue stirring until the mixture forms into a hard ball.

PAG AALAGA NG MANOK

TAMANG UMPISA MAY MAGANDANG KITA SA ALAGANG BROILERS

Ang unang 24 oras ang pinakmaselan sa buhay ng ating mga “day old chick” o sisiw.  Kailangan ang lalong masidhing “attention” na maiayos ang farm bago dumating ang mga sisiw.
Heto ang mga sumusunod na payo na nakalap ng Greenline upang mapaghandaan ng maayos ang darating na sisiw sa unang araw nito:
Kalusugan – Walang kalusugan walang ganansya. Ang malusog at tamang timbang ng mga sisiw o “day old chick” ay lumalaki ayon sa semilya na pinagmanahan nang mga ito, kaya nga kailangan ang malinis at dekontaminadong lugar ang daratnan nito. Kailangan bakunado na rin ang sisiw galing sa hatchery. Huwag din pahintulutan makapasok ang mga di kailangan tao o bisita sa farm.
Hangin – Bigyan ng malinis, tamang init at preskong hangin na may masaganang “oxygen.” Dapat wala ang masangsang na amoy dulot ng “carbon dioxide at ammonia” gasses sa kapaligiran. Ang sobrang gasses sa paligid ay makasasama sa mga hayop at maaring ikamamatay din.  Ang magandang “ventilation” sa kabahayan ay makakaiwas sa masamang amoy ng hangin subalit ang preskong hangin ay di dapat makadulot ng pagkaginaw ng mga sisiw.
Brooding o Painitan – Mahina ang kontrol ng mga sisiw sa init at lamig ng katawan nila kaya mahirap sa kanila ang pabago-bagong temperatura.  Dapat sa sisiw ay nasa temperatura mula 88⁰-92⁰F o 31⁰-32⁰C sa unang 24 oras.
Tubig at Pagkain – Kailangan may pagkain at malinis na tubig ang mga sisiw 8 oras mula sa pagkapisa. Pag maantala ng matagal dahil sa mahabang biyahe kailangan bigyan sa loob ng kahon ang mga sisiw ng espesyal na pagkain na makakatulong sa di pagkatuyo ng katawan. Pag nakarating na sa kabahayan ang mga sisiw kailangan maengganyong makainom kaagad. May makabagong supplemento rin na naibibigay sa sisiw na makakatulong sa mabilis na pagkain at makaragdag sa resistensya sa sakit.  Mabibili itong “Chick Boost” sa Greenline.
Mga Gamit – Bago dumating ang mga sisiw dapat handang-handa na ang buong farm sa mga kailangan tulad ng sapat na espacio para sa mga sisiw, mga pagkain at painuman at malinis at tamang “litter material.” Kailangan din ang sapat na dami ng pakainan at painuman at ang maayos na paglalagay nito sa buong kabahayan upang madaling puntahan ng mga sisiw at hindi sila nagsisiksikan.
Pansapin o “Litter” – Bigyan ng kaukulang pansin ang gamit na pansapin sa sahig o “flooring” tulad ng sinunog na ipa ng palay at dyaryo, atbp.  Kung walang bagong makuhang sapat na pansapin palitan na lamang ang mga basa at nagsitigas na sapin. Sa unang 24 oras latagan ng dyaryo ang painitang lugar. Malaki ang tulong nito upang maiwasan ang contamination sa unang oras pagkatanggap ng mga sisiw.
Kalidad ng Tubig at Pagkain – Ang laki ng butil ng pagkain ay dapat matuka ng mga sisiw at ang tubig ay dapat gasing init ng kapaligiran.  Ang bagong pisang sisiw ay may 85 porsyentong  tubig.  Pag ang reseko nito ay may 10 porsyentong  nagiging “cull” ito at kung  20 porsyento  ang reseko pwedeng mamatay ang sisiw. Napakahalagang makainom kaagad at may sapat ang dami.
Kung may sapat na dami ng tubig ang nainom, tama ang init ng “brooder,” malinis at sagana ang hangin ang mga sisiw ay madaling maabot ang apat na bigat ng katawan mula sa pagkapisa sa loob ng isang linggo.
Conclusion:
Bago dumating ang sisiw sa farm, siguruhin na nahahanda ang lahat ng mga gagamitin at nasa tamang lugar na.
Sa tagal ng pagpapalaki na mga 864 oras o 36 araw bago ibenta, ang bawat oras ay 0.12 porsyento sa buhay nito kaya nga sa loob ng 24 oras may 2.80 porsyento ng “performance” ang maaring mawala.
Sa kabuuan, kung maganda ang umpisa may magandang kita ang alagang mga broilers.

source:greenline.ph